What is an "O and M Manual"?
“Operations and Maintenance Manual (O&M Manual or O&Ms) is a set of information (documentation) prepared for a construction project at the completion of site works and handed over to the Client in readiness of their occupation and intended use. ”
As the name suggests, an Operations and Maintenance Manual covers the information (documentation) that will be needed by the Client (or his facilities management team) for operations (occupation and use) and maintenance (upkeep, cleaning, and regular maintenance) of a completed construction project (i.e., a building, structure, or asset).
The term Operations and Maintenance Manuals (O&M Manual or O&Ms) is some time used interchangeably with Project Handover Documentation or a Building Manual. The difference and details are provided in the following sections.
A Building Manual usually contains as built information about the whole completed building project, where as an O&M Manual may only contain information about a specific trade, service or installed product in the building.
What is a "Building Manual"?
“A Building Manual includes the as built information about a completed building, structure or asset.”
As mentioned in the above section, this information is required for the continuous safe operation, maintenance, potential further extension and alterations and eventual demolition of the building, structure or asset.
A Building Manual includes all relevant information including Operations and Maintenance (O&M) Manuals for different trades and specialist sub-contractors (i.e., Electrical and Mechanical etc) compiled together.
Information required for compiling a Building Manual comes from the Principal Contractor, sub-contractors, suppliers, and manufacturers. In addition, some information (including as built design, drawings, specifications and residual health and safety risks) comes from different designers (architects, building services engineers, structural and civil engineers etc).
Under different standard construction works contractual terms (usually defined in preliminaries (or pre-lim) section) the Principal Contractor is required to prepare a Building Manual.
What is a "Health and Safety File"?
“For any building / structure newly constructed or having gone through significant extension, remodelling or refurbishment, a Health and Safety File includes essential health and safety related information which will be required by anyone carrying out future repair and maintenance work in that building or structure.”
As mentioned in the above section, Construction (Design and Management) Regulations 2015 (CDM Regulations) require that a Health and Safety File is prepared for any project which involves more than one contractor.
As well as with commercial projects, this requirement also applies to Domestic Client Projects.
Information for Health and Safety File is provided by the Principal Contractor, other specialist sub-contractors and designers involved in the project.
What is the difference between a Building Manual, an O&M Manual and Health and Safety File?
O&M Manuals are essentially part of a completed Building Manual or Project Handover Documentation.
By definition, a Building Manual contains as built information about the whole completed building, structure or asset. Whereas an O&M Manual may only contain information about a specific trade or service i.e., Electrical O&M Manual or Mechanical O&M Manual etc.
In turn, an O&M Manual for a specific trade or service may form part of a Building Manual prepared for the whole building or structure.
However, as mentioned in the above section, the terms O&M Manual and Building Manual are used interchangeably in the construction industry.
A Health and Safety File, as mentioned above, is a particular set of information required for a completed building, structure, or asset under the CDM Regulations 2015. The information required for the File is mostly limited and does not include all the information that is usually included in an O&M Manual or a Building Manual.
Therefore, a Building Manual can be prepared for a completed building, structure or asset which includes all the O&M Manuals and also incorporates the requirements of a Health and Safety File.
Alternatively, a standalone Health and Safety File can be prepared for the same project which makes reference to the Building Manual (or its constituents O&M Manuals) for the relevant information OR relevant sections of the Building Manual (or its constituents O&M Manuals) can be extracted (or duplicated) and included in the standalone Health and Safety File.
What type of O&M Manuals (or Handover Documents) are prepared in construction?
Usually the following Handover Documentation (or O&M Manuals) are prepared and handed over to the Client following practical completion of construction work on site.
- Building Manual
- Operations and Maintenance (O&M) Manuals
- Building User Guide
- Residents/Home Owners Guides
- Building Logbook
- Health and Safety File
Typically, in construction industry different project handover documentation as detailed above is generically referred to as O&M Manuals.
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When do you need an O&M Manual?
The need for an O&M Manual or a Building Manual can arise in the following two ways.
- For a construction work which involves more than one contractor, the CDM Regulations 2015 require that a Health and Safety File is prepared by the Principal Designer. The contents of the Health and Safety File require the as build information etc. Therefore, the Principal Designer will contact the Principal Contractor to provide the as built information about the completed project including all the O&M Manual information from the sub-contractors, specialist sub-contractors, trades and suppliers.
- For larger construction projects, where formal JCT or other contract documentation is prepared, the requirement for preparation of O&M Manuals by the Principal Contractor and its sub-contractors, specialist sub-contractors, trades and suppliers is usually included within the contract terms. Such terms usually stipulate the O&M Manual or Building Manual containing prescribed information in a certain format and template must be prepared and made available to the Client as soon as practical completion of construction site works is achieved.
What goes in an O&M Manual?
Main headings included in a standard O&M Manual (or Building Manual) for the whole building, structure or asset are usually as follows.
- Maintenance Summary
- Introduction
- Purpose of the Building Manual
- Statutory Implications of the Building Manual
- Future Alterations
- Project Details
- Scope of the Works
- Key Project Details
- Project Team Details
- Health and Safety Information
- Residual Hazards
- Key Structural Principles
- Hazardous Materials
- Removal of Plant
- Cleaning and Maintenance
- Services Location
- Structure, Plant and Equipment
- As Built and Other Relevant Drawings
- Test Certificates
- Completion Certificates
- Survey, Investigation Reports
- Relevant Contractors, Suppliers and Manufacturers Information (including trade O&Ms)
Why are O&Ms prepared for a construction project?
O&M Manuals or Handover Documents provide the essential information to the Client for managing the building, structure or an asset following completion of site works. The information is important for managing the building for its useful service life (life span) which can extend up to 60 to 80 years for a residential houses or general office or commercial building.
Broadly three groups of people use the information included in the manuals.
- Occupants of the building
- People responsible for operation and maintenance of the building
- Maintenance staff or contractors
1. Occupants of the building
This group of people include office or commercial building premises staff, homeowners, occupiers, tenants and visitors etc. They occupy and use the building on a day-to-day basis and have limited but regular interaction with building facilities such as:
- Parking facilities
- Access and exit arrangements from the building
- Building security
- Heating, cooling and ventilation
- Electrical connection points
- IT/data connection points
- Kitchen facilities
- Welfare facilities (toilets)
- etc
The above group of people will have a limited technical knowledge and will only be interested in simple and user-friendly usage of the above facilities in the building and the relevant information presented in the manuals.
They are more likely to refer to the sections of the O&M Manuals which provide:
- Introduction to the installed systems in the building
- Outline of the overall purpose of the installation
- General information on the operation of the installation
2. People responsible for operation and maintenance of the building
This group includes building managers (residential and commercial), facilities managers, facilities management (FM) contractors (soft (landscape, window cleaning, general cleaning, security, mail room management, waste management, health and safety, catering, and hard (related to the physical fabric of the building include heating, lighting, plumbing, fire safety systems, air conditioning, building maintenance etc) FM).
They are responsible for operations and maintenance of the building on a regular basis (fulfilling the operational, contractual and legal requirements) and have involved interaction with building installations and physical fabric.
Please see separate Checklist for Building Operations and Maintenance which explains the requirements on people responsible for operations and maintenance of building. They will need to have access to the manuals to extract the information in order to fulfil those requirements.
Though the above group of people are usually not trained as technical professionals, they will have a good understanding of building installations and physical fabric. They will be interested in safe and uninterrupted operations and maintenance of the building fulfilling the operational, contractual, and legal requirements and hence will require prompt and easily accessible in-depth information about the installations (details about the design concept, operational capacity and maintenance programme etc) presented in the manuals.
They are more likely to refer to the sections of the manuals which provide detailed information such as:
- Contractual and legal details
- A detailed description of the systems installed
- Equipment schedules
- Part identification and recommended spares
- Spares policy
- System commissioning and test data
- System operation (specific)
- Maintenance (general)
- Names and addresses of manufacturers
- Index of drawings
- Emergency information
3. Maintenance staff or contractors
In-house maintenance staff or external contractors (or trades) include the people who get involved in maintenance and repair of the building (both installations and physical fabric elements) as and when needed include managing and dealing with faults, defects and damages. This group also includes contractors involved in future extensions, conversions and re-configuration works to the building.
The above group of people are trained professionals, and they need to access to thorough technical details about the relevant installations, plant or part of the building to be able to carry out the maintenance and repairs.
Maintenance technicians and specialist who are engaged in keeping the system operational from a practical point of view have even more specific requirements, such as:
- Detailed operating and performance data
- Commissioning data
- Maintenance instructions (specific to part of the building or piece of machinery or plant)
- Manufacturer's literature
Each group of the people, as mentioned above, have different and specific interests, abilities, and expertise and each will have different requirements from the manuals. These requirements have implications for both the content and the presentation of O&Ms. The needs of different user groups are to be met in the O&M Manuals. The presentation and details in O&Ms should ensure that this information can be easily found and extracted by each relevant group of users. In some instances, a separate manual may need to be produced for a user group.
Checklist for Legal Information Required for Building Operations and Maintenance
- Pressure vessel and system records and test certificate (Pressure System Safety Regulations 2000)
- Pressure vessel and system written scheme of examination (Pressure System Safety Regulations 2000)
- Maintenance records of systems which control a working environment, such as heating and ventilation systems (Workplace (Health, Safety and Welfare) Regulations 1992)
- Legionella risk assessment records (Legionnaires Disease. The Control of Legionella Bacteria. Approved Code of Practice and Guidance)
- Record containing a written scheme for minimising of the legionella risk and results of the written scheme (the requirements for this will depend on a legionella risk assessment. (Legionnaires Disease. The Control of Legionella Bacteria. Approved Code of Practice and Guidance)>
- Copy of notification to local authorities of installation of wet cooling towers and evaporative condensers (Notification of Cooling Towers and Evaporative Condensers Regulations 1992)
- Chemical and bacteriological test results for drinking water cisterns greater than 1000 litres (not a statutory requirement) (Workplace (Health and Safety and Welfare) Regulations 1992, BS EN 806-5 Specifications for installations inside buildings conveying water for human consumption. Operation and maintenance, BS 8558: 2011: Guide to the design, installation, testing and maintenance of services supplying water for domestic use within buildings and their cartilages. Complimentary guidance to BS EN 806)
- Chlorination certificate(s) for drinking water (not a statutory requirement) (Workplace (Health and Safety and Welfare) Regulations 1992, BS EN 806-5 Specifications for installations inside buildings conveying water for human consumption. Operation and maintenance, BS 8558: 2011: Guide to the design, installation, testing and maintenance of services supplying water for domestic use within buildings and their cartilages. Complimentary guidance to BS EN 806)
- Source protection policy and License to use water supplied by a borehole (National Rivers Authority)
- Noise assessment records (Control of Noise at Work Regulations 2005)
- Fire Risk Assessment (Regulatory Reform (Fire Safety) Order 2005)
- A log detailing smoke extract tests (Regulatory Reform (Fire Safety) Order 2005, BS9999:2008 Code of practice for fire safety in the design, management and use of buildings)
- A log detailing fire hose reels and the test for portable fire extinguishers (In accordance with BS5306-9:2015 (Fire extinguishing installations and equipment on premises. Recharging of portable fire extinguishers. Code of practice) to meet the requirements of Regulatory Reform (Fire Safety) Order 2005)
- A log detailing escape-route pressurisation tests (Regulatory Reform (Fire Safety) Order 2005)
- A Fire Training Log book, containing details of training, special duties and fire drills (Regulatory Reform (Fire Safety) Order 2005)
- Fire Safety Information (Building Regulations 2010 - Approved Document B Volume 2. BS5588 Fire precautions in the design, construction and use of buildings)
- Asbestos records (Control of Asbestos Regulations 2012)
- A log detailing emergency lighting tests and examinations (BS5266-1: 2016, Emergency Lighting. Code of Practice for the emergency lighting for premises)
- Examination certificates and reports for lifts and lifting equipment (Lifting Operations and Lifting Equipment Regulations 1998)
- Risk assessment records for plant and systems (Management of Health and Safety at Work Regulations 1999 and Control of Substances Hazardous to Health Regulations 2002)
- (Premises) Risk assessment for the building (Management of Health and Safety at Work Regulations 1999, Control of Substances Hazardous to Health 2002 and Workplace (Health, Safety and Welfare) Regulations 1992)
- Building services operating and maintenance information including emergency procedures (Section 2 and 6 of Health and Safety at Work Act 1974, Construction (Design and Management) Regulations 2015, Building Regulations Part L2 2010)
- Record drawings for building services installation (Section 2 and 6 of Health and Safety at Work Act 1974)
- Record of insulation and earthing tests (Institute of Engineering and Technology - Wiring Regulations 17th Edition - BS 7671:2008+A3:2015, Requirements for Electrical Installations, IET Wiring Regulations)
- Records of tests carried out on electrical appliances(not a statutory requirements to keep copy of records) (Electricity at Work Regulations 1989)
- Water Authority Discharge of Waste certificate (Water Authority and National Rivers Authority)
- Inventory of refrigerants (Control of Substances Hazardous to Health Regulations 2002, Environmental Protection Act 1990)
- Record of Waste Disposal (Environmental Protection Act 1990)
- Documentation for Wayleaves and adopted roads (Occupier's information on any possible public right of way access or responsibility for highway repairs to roads and footpaths adjacent to property)
- Building Logbook (Building Regulations Part L2 2010)
- Lightning Protection Testing (BS EN 62305: 2011 Protection Against Lightning)
Who provides O&M Manual?
For a construction projects, O&M Manuals (or Handover Documentation) are prepared by the Principal Contractor, and Contractors with additional information received from designers and suppliers.
Information required for compiling an O&M Manual for a specific trade or service comes from the relevant trade and specialist contractor (i.e., building services contractor, lightening protection contractor, swimming pool contractor etc.) and their sub-contractors, suppliers, and manufacturers. In addition, some information (including as built design, drawings, specifications and residual health and safety risks) comes from relevant designers (i.e., building services engineers etc)
Who provides required information for O&M Manuals?
There are three main sources of information for the manuals:
1. Design Engineers and Consultants
Operating philosophy for each engineering service (its purpose, method of control, emergency provisions, safety considerations and the design criteria), specifications.
2. Principal Contractor, Main Contractor and Installation Contractors
Details about the construction in accordance with the design. An installation contractor should provide information about chosen manufacturers, details of system operation and performance, testing and commissioning results and variation from design criteria.
3. Equipment manufacturers and suppliers
Detailed information on plant and equipment is from product literature supplied by or sourced from manufacturers and suppliers.
What are legal requirements are preparation of O&M Manuals?
There are legal requirements placed on contractors to produce the information (i.e., O&Ms) for their completed construction work.
Main legal requirement comes from Construction (Design and Management) 2015 (CDM Regulations), requiring each contractor to produce information for Health and Safety File which is to be handed over to the Client as site work completion.
In addition, section 2 and 6 of Health and Safety at Work Act 1974 imply that building owners must possess adequate operating information for the operation and maintenance of building services. The primary items of legislation (and required information) that apply for the above information are as follows.
- The CDM Regulations 2015 (as mentioned above) - Health and Safety File
- COSHH Regulations 2002 (Legionella related information. Relevant to evaporative condensers, cooling towers, hot and cold-water services, spray humidifiers, sprinklers. In addition, MSDS sheets and additional information for hazardous substances used during construction or expected to be used in post completion operations and maintenance period)
- Electricity at Work Regulations 1989 (Electrical Installations and Testing Certificates)
- Environmental Protection Act 1990 (Waste management arrangements)
- Regulatory Reform (Fire Safety) Order 2005 (Fire Risk Assessments, Fire Strategy, Fire Escape Routes, Fire and Smoke Alarm, Emergency Lighting Installations and Commissioning certificates)
- Management of Health and Safety at Work Regulations 1999 (Details and location of plant, residual hazards)
- Pressure Systems Safety Regulations 2000 (Details of the plant (containing relevant fluid: steam, pressurised gas and fluids, pressurised hot water, compressed air and containing relevant pressure systems) which will fall under the requirements of the Regulations. Specific Information from designers and manufacturers, Test certificates and certificates of conformity, maximum and minimum design parameters, flow and discharge capacities, capacity of pressure vessels)
- PUWER 1998 (Detailed information (manuals including drawings) about the installed machinery, equipment and plant for its safe operation and maintenance including written instructions for normal, abnormal, and emergency conditions. The relevant HSE Code includes cooling towers and pressure vessels, hence building services equipment can generally be classed as work equipment)
- Workplace Health and Safety and Welfare Regulations 1992 (Information about heating systems, ventilation, emergency lighting, escalators and moving walkways, sanitary appliances, washing facilities, drinking water systems, window cleaning equipment)
- Equality Act 2010 (Information relevant to the arrangements put in place in the building to ensure the requirements of the Act are fulfilled)
- The Notification of Cooling Towers and Evaporative Condenser Regulations 1992 (Information about presence of wet cooling towers and evaporative condensers, so that the Client can inform the local authorities. Risk of Legionella)
- Control of Noise at Work Regulations 2005 (Acoustic test results and details and information about noise generated from installed equipment, machinery and plant to enable the noise risk assessment required when building is occupied)
Provision of Logbook for new non-domestic buildings is a legal requirement of Building Regulations 2010 Approved Document L2A and L2B.
The fundamental requirements are expressed in Approved Document L2B as:
"Providing the owner sufficient information about the building, the fixed building services and their maintenance requirements so that the building can be operated in such a manner as to use no more fuel and power than is reasonable in the circumstances."
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What are contractual requirements for preparation of O&M Manuals?
In addition to above legal requirements, different contracts signed for construction work include the requirement on Principal Contractor (or main contractor or installation contractor), to produce the manuals following completion of construction work on site.
Main forms of contract used for construction works in UK are as follows:
- JCT (The Joint Contracts Tribunal): JCT Traditional Form of Contract most popular in the UK
- ACA (The Association of Consultant Architects)
- CIOB (Chartered Institute of Building)
- FDIC (Federation Internationale des Ingenieurs-Conseils): Int. Federation of Consulting Engineers
- NEC (The New Engineering Contract): Engineering and Construction Contract
Typical example wording included as contractual requirement is as follows:
Client Name
Handover Requirements for Contractors
Section: Operations and Maintenance (O&M) Manuals
Contractors must:
- Prepare and submit full and final Operation and Maintenance Manuals for all aspects of work
- Submit all manuals by the date of Practical Completion, agreed with the Project Manager
- Attend a review meeting, where all manuals will be checked to assess their suitability and either receipted or returned
- Repeat this stage if submissions are unsuccessful
Contents of O&M manuals shall include, but not be limited to:
- Introduction, including names and addresses of associated parties
- Health and Safety (relevant to the project), including information about asbestos removals and/or encapsulations, or any residual hazards such as contaminated land, buried services, sources of stored energy, etc
- Overall purpose and general description of works
- System description of each area of the works
- Equipment schedule/Asset list. A list of new items of equipment with their make, model, and other such information as required conforming to Client's asset lists. The list should identify all sections and page numbers where the assets have been referenced. Also to include a list of any assets moved or removed. The Project Manager will issue the template to the contractor for completion
- Operating procedures
- Maintenance instructions and schedules (including a full summary schedule for easy reference), locations of isolations, fault finding information, lubrication points and schedules, and a list of maintenance activities and frequencies to maintain warranties and/or guarantees
- Recommended spares
- A list of warranties and/or guarantees associated with any element of the works
- Room Data Sheets to indicate that the areas were designed to
- As-built/fitted plans and drawings in both DWG and Adobe pdf format, in full compliance with Client standards
- Fire Strategy drawings in DWG format, complete with separate layers showing fire zones, fire doors, locations of fire panels, detector heads and sounder, and locations of emergency lights and emergency light key switches, riser inlet boxes. All items are to be numbered on a separate schedule as well as on the drawings in accordance with Client's Operations Fire Strategy requirements
- Legionella Risk Assessment
- Commissioning Data and witnessed testing
- Modification Information
- Disposal Instructions/Dismantling Instructions including details of known weights, order of operations, hazardous materials, WEEE (The Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment) Directive, etc.
- Specific emergency Information, including location of main service isolations, both mechanically and electrically
- Training log
- Manufacturers' names, addresses, contact numbers, and all relevant literature with the specific equipment models installed highlighted
- Details of all key/locks fitted and issued
Building Log Books and any other relevant documentation or equipment must be available at this meeting - all keys should be issued and receipted and Permits to Work/bags returned. The Site Waste Management Plan (SWMP) and all relevant waste dockets and associated documentation, should also be submitted at this stage.
Important: Please note
- All manuals will be made available for other relevant Client staff to review and comment - this may affect or delay acceptance
- Successful submission of full and complete O&M manuals will enable the Client to issue Practical Completion Certificates and release related retention monies
- Draft or incomplete O&Ms will remain historical defects and will not be accepted - this will prevent the issue of Practical Completion Certificates and related retention monies
- Unsuccessful submissions will be returned to contractors immediately, with feedback provided - these should be amended and resubmitted to the Client within notified timescales
- Contractors must provide one hard copy and one electronic copy of each manual - electronic copies should be saved into relevant sections for easy access
BREEAM (Building Research Establishment (BRE) Environmental Assessment) and Other Contractual Requirements
UK Code for Sustainable Homes included a checklist (MAN1 - Home User Guide) which detailed the list of information required for preparation of Home User Guide. This code has been scrapped in 2015.
BREEAM Code also requires production of information at post completion phase.
BREEAM Home Quality Mark (non - mandatory and issued by BRE following the removal of Code for Sustainable Homes) - requires production of Home Information
What are business benefits from O&M Manuals?
Historically, construction companies have struggled in provision of user friendly and comprehensive O&M Manuals (or Project Handover Documentation) following the completion of site work. With increasingly more emphasis on energy efficiency in building the O&Ms has become more important for an efficient and effective use of installations and features provided in the building.
In order to provide good customer care and after sales service, many construction companies (home developers especially) are keen on provision of high standard manuals (particularly high-quality brochure style Home User Guides) to their Clients.
In addition, provision of good quality O&M Manuals acts as part of the marketing strategy for construction contractor companies in order to promote company brand by including marketing material and company branding logo etc in the O&Ms.
Is an O&M a legal requirement?
It is not a legal requirement to produce an O&M Manual for a completed building, structure or asset or relevant trade or an installation (unless a user manual is legally required under relevant product or consumer legislation), it is mainly included as a contractual obligation to fulfil, however, certain information which is typically included in the O&M Manuals is legally required to be prepared and provided to Principal Designer for inclusion in Health and Safety File required under the CDM Regulations 2015.
Format for an O&M Manual?
Manuals are produced increasingly in electronic format and where required printed in hard copy format.
Templates for an O&M Manual?
Please follow the links below for our standard template:
Safescope specimen template for Building Manual
Safescope specimen template for an Electrical O&M Manual
Safescope specimen template for a Residents Manual or Homeusers Guide
The contractual requirements mentioned in the above section provides details for information that needs to be included in the manuals.
However, some other sources of the template are as follows:
- BSRIA (Building Services Research and Information Association) - Guide BG1/2007 (Handover, O&M Manuals and Project Feedback) suggests the information to be included in the O&M Manuals
- BSRIA BG26/2011 provides a template for preparation of Building User Guide
- BSRIA BG26/2011 also provides a template for preparation of Building Manual
- TM31 CIBSE Building Logbooks is an industry recognised template for Building Logbooks
- BREEAM also provides a template for Building User Guide (Man 4 - BREEAM SD5076:5.0-2014) in order to achieve the relevant credits
Timescales for O&M Manual preparation?
The CDM Regulations 2015 require preparation of Health and Safety File (which is handed over to the Client at completion of the site works) should start in the pre-construction stage of the project.
The information required in the manual by the Client and as stipulated in the tender documents is finalised well before the construction works start on site.
Information starts becoming available for inclusion in the O&M Manuals from very early stages of the project; hence O&Ms preparation can start with commencement of works on site.
Final manuals are required to be handed over to the Client immediately after the completion of site works and draft manuals (which include most of the information except the final commissioning certificates) to be issued to the Client usually four weeks before the completion of site works.
It becomes very difficult to achieve the deadline if the manuals preparation is left to the end when project is about to complete on site. It requires at least a month to prepare a decent quality manual to be sent as a draft (for a typical £1m construction cost project).
The sooner the manual preparation is started on a project the better the chances for achieving the deadlines for draft and final manuals handover to the Client.
How much does an O&M Manual Cost?
It is not straightforward to work out costs for preparation of O&M Manual for say electrical or mechanical or any other installations on a construction project or a Building Manual for the whole project. The cost depends on the number of factors including but not limited to:
- Complexity of the project
- Number of contractors and sub-contractors involved in the works
- Requirements for the project to be handed over in phases
- Duration and timescales of the project including for delivery of O&M Manuals
- Number of blocks involved
- What templates and formats are to be used
- Whether a hard copy will need to be printed
- etc:
However, as a crude thumb rule, for example a full Building Manual in electronic format for a £1m construction project (where the trade O&Ms will be provided by the relevant contractors and sub-contractors) could cost between £2,000 to £3,000 i.e. between 0.5% to 0.8% of the construction cost.
Other CDM Guidance
In addition to this, we at (Safescope) have also produced a number of other in-depth CDM Guides on various related topics. These guides are available on this website. Please follow the Link.
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